What is Thymosin Alpha-1?
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino acid peptide originally isolated from the thymus gland. It plays a crucial role in immune system modulation, particularly in T-cell development and function. Unlike many research peptides, Thymosin Alpha-1 has achieved regulatory approval in multiple countries for treatment of hepatitis B and C, and as an immune enhancer.
Marketed as Zadaxin in many countries, it represents one of the most clinically validated immunomodulatory peptides available.
Regulatory Status
Approved Uses
Thymosin Alpha-1 is approved in 35+ countries for:
- Chronic hepatitis B
- Chronic hepatitis C
- Immune deficiency states
- As vaccine adjuvant
Not FDA Approved
- FDA Orphan Drug designation for hepatitis B
- Phase 3 trials conducted in US
- Available in many other countries
Molecular Profile
Structure
Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn
Molecular Data
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C129H215N33O55 |
| Molecular Weight | 3108 Da |
| CAS Number | 62304-98-7 |
| Amino Acids | 28 |
Mechanism of Action
Immune Modulation
Thymosin Alpha-1 works through:
- T-cell maturation promotion
- Dendritic cell function enhancement
- Cytokine profile modulation
- NK cell activity enhancement
Effects on Immune Cells
- Increases CD4+ T cells
- Enhances T-cell responsiveness
- Improves antigen presentation
- Modulates inflammatory responses
Clinical Applications
Hepatitis B & C
Primary approved indication:
- Improved viral clearance
- Enhanced response to antivirals
- Long-term immune benefits
Cancer Immunotherapy
Research and clinical use:
- Adjunct to chemotherapy
- Immune restoration after treatment
- Melanoma studies
- Lung cancer research
Immune Deficiency
Applications include:
- Primary immunodeficiency
- AIDS-related immunosuppression
- Post-surgical immune support
Summary
Thymosin Alpha-1 stands out as one of few immunomodulatory peptides with extensive clinical validation and international regulatory approval.
Key Points:
- Classification: Thymic immunomodulatory peptide
- Brand Name: Zadaxin
- Approvals: 35+ countries (not FDA)
- Primary Uses: Hepatitis, immune enhancement