Thymogen (Glu-Trp) is a dipeptide bioregulator developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, originally isolated from thymalin via HPLC.
Structure
Amino Acid Sequence: Glu-Trp (Glutamic acid-Tryptophan)
Among the shortest bioactive peptides with immunomodulatory effects.
Mechanism of Action
DNA Interaction
May interact specifically with the AACG sequence of DNA, influencing gene expression in immune cells.
Cyclic Nucleotide Modulation
Modulates cAMP/cGMP balance, affecting immune cell signaling.
T-Cell Effects
- Activates T-cell differentiation
- Enhances T-cell recognition of peptide-MHC complexes
- Modulates cytokine excretion (IL-2, IFN)
Immune System Effects
- Activates differentiation of immune cells
- Increases viability and proliferation
- Reduces apoptosis of immune cell subpopulations
Anti-Tumor Effects
- 1.5-fold decrease in tumor numbers in animal studies
Anti-Infective
- Activates immunocompetent system in candidiasis models
Regulatory Status
Approved in Russia as an immunomodulator. Not FDA approved.