GDF-11 (Growth Differentiation Factor 11) is a TGF-β superfamily member that gained attention after Harvard researchers suggested it could reverse aspects of aging. However, subsequent studies generated controversy.
The Harvard "Rejuvenation Factor" Research
Original Findings (2013-2014)
Parabiosis experiments suggested GDF-11:
- Reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy
- Restores skeletal muscle stem cell function
- Enhances muscle repair
- Promotes neurogenesis
The Controversy
Conflicting Studies
- Some found no effects on cardiac structure/function
- Others showed GDF-11 impairs skeletal muscle repair in old animals
- High doses may cause cachexia-like effects
Age-Related Decline?
Previous assays may have cross-reacted with myostatin (GDF-8). Specific assays show GDF-11 may not significantly decline with age.
Additional Research
Senolytic Properties
- 45.7% reduction in senescent liver cells
- 21.7% reduction in senescent kidney cells
- Induces antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPX)
Complete Decline with Age
GDF-11 reportedly falls to zero at mean age 73.71 years.
Current Status
Conflicting evidence regarding rejuvenation potential. Not approved for clinical use.